Scope and ContentTravel Document (Convention of 28 July 1951). Refugee travel document (Título de viaje), issued in Spain, 1980. Blue booklet issued under the framework of the 1951 Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, designed for individuals unable to obtain a national passport, substituting for citizenship-based documentation. The interior pages articulate that the document is “granted with a view to providing the holder with a travel document which can serve in lieu of a passport,” while simultaneously stipulating that it “is without prejudice to and in no way affects the holder’s nationality.” This dual formulation encapsulates a fundamental tension, between enabling circulation across borders and suspending the guarantees of national belonging, that structures both the language and the practical use of the document. It was issued to the multiawarded musician Paquito D’Rivera, who defected in Spain in 1980 so that he could travel to the United States to reunite with his mother.